Pregnancy Hormones: Estrogen

Amidst the myriad of transformations that occur in a pregnant person’s body, pregnancy hormones, such as estrogen, play a vital role in orchestrating the incredible process. Known for its diverse functions, estrogen acts as a powerful influencer throughout the various stages of gestation. In this blog post, we will explore what estrogen is, what it does during pregnancy, and the discomforts it may cause.

What is Estrogen?

Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones primarily produced by the ovaries during the body’s reproductive years. However, during pregnancy, the placenta becomes a crucial source of estrogen production. The three main types of estrogen found in the human body are estradiol, estrone, and estriol. These hormones work in harmony to regulate the female reproductive system and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

What does estrogen do during pregnancy?

Estrogen plays a pivotal role in supporting a healthy pregnancy and fetal development. Here are some key functions of estrogen during gestation:

1. Uterine Growth and Function: Estrogen stimulates the growth of the uterus and promotes blood flow to the uterine lining, creating an optimal environment for the developing fetus.
2. Fetal Organ Development: Estrogen aids in the growth and maturation of vital fetal organs, including the lungs, liver, and cardiovascular system.
3. Breast Changes: Estrogen prepares the breasts for lactation by stimulating the growth of milk ducts and facilitating the deposition of fatty tissue.
4. Ligament and Joint Adaptation: Estrogen loosens the ligaments and joints in preparation for childbirth, allowing flexibility during labor and delivery.
5. Blood Volume Regulation: Estrogen influences the production of red blood cells, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply to both the pregnant person and the fetus.

What discomforts can estrogen cause?

While estrogen serves important functions during pregnancy, it can also give rise to certain discomforts. Some common discomforts associated with increased estrogen levels include:

1. Nausea and Vomiting: Elevated estrogen levels in the early stages of pregnancy can trigger morning sickness, causing feelings of nausea and occasional vomiting.
2. Breast Tenderness: Estrogen causes increased blood flow and hormonal changes in the breasts, leading to tenderness, swelling, and sensitivity.
3. Fluid Retention: Estrogen can contribute to fluid retention, resulting in mild edema or swelling in the hands, legs, and feet.
4. Varicose Veins: Higher estrogen levels can weaken the walls of blood vessels, leading to the development of varicose veins in the legs.
5. Mood Swings: Fluctuating estrogen levels can influence neurotransmitters in the brain, contributing to mood swings, irritability, and emotional changes.

From facilitating fetal organ development to preparing the body for childbirth and breastfeeding, estrogen’s influence is undeniable. While it may cause discomforts like morning sickness, breast tenderness, fluid retention, varicose veins, and mood swings, these temporary inconveniences estrogen truly is crucial in sustaining a healthy pregnancy. Understanding the role of pregnancy hormones such as estrogen empowers expectant parents to embrace the incredible changes their bodies undergo and appreciate the intricate dance of hormones during this transformative phase of life.